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In mesic to wet-mesic sand savanna, uncommon among a larger population of Viola sagittata and scattered Viola missouriensis

These plants are very similar to V. sagittata but have unusually ovate leaves without lobes at the base, and the leaves have unusually sparse pubescence with hairs restricted to the upper surface and margins.

I initially assumed these were a hybrid between V. sagittata and V. missouriensis, or possibly another related species like V. nephrophylla or V. cucullata. However, these plants have narrowly but distinctly winged petioles, which is not characteristic of any of the violet species I've mentioned. These plants ultimately key out well to V. emarginata "Lower Midwest variant"

Coincidentally, V. emarginata has been suggested to be a hybrid between V. sagittata and V. affinis by some authorities in the past. V. missouriensis is closely related to V. affinis and the two species may intergrade in this part of the Midwest. V. sagittata in this part of the Midwest shows evidence of past introgression with V. fimbriatula, which typically has winged petioles. Is it possible that the plants in this observation really are hybrids expressing a phenotype derived from V. fimbriatula?

Mohican State Park
-leaf cells are small (mostly ~18-35 microns); leaves nearly round, strongly decurrent, 7-12 cells wide; sinus less than half-way; lobes fairly sharp, mostly connivent and 3-4 cells wide. Growing on moist cliff face among other bryophytes.

Newcomb’s Group No. 523
regular wildflower with 5 petals and basal leaves only; leaves long-stalked, roundly heart-shaped with blunt teeth and 5 to 9 shallow lobes, often with dark veins; flowers 0.25 inch long, green or purplish with protruding stamens; blooms in late spring and summer; plant is 1 to 3 feet high

ID tentative.
One of 3 different-appearing sections of lichen on the same tree.
See also: 202483378, 202483380

Endemic to the Appalachians and one of the only aquatic lichens, this species is uncommon and is indicative of high water quality. It looks like it belongs in a tidal pool. A Pennsylvania 'Watchlist' species.