ksanderson's Identifications

D.Malloch 20-08-22/03. Gregarious (3) in humus, in medium-age forest of Pinus strobus, Abies balsamea, Picea rubens and Betula papyrifera

In herbarium, New Brunswick Museum (NBM)

Pileus conical to convex, with a large broad umbo, dry, densely scaly on the umbo, fibrillose toward the margin, dark brown (HSV20:50:40-50) on the umbo, more yellow brown (HSV30:20:90) toward the margin, 28-38 mm in diameter

Stipe equal, dry, fibrillose-scaly below the apex, yellow brown (HSV30:20:90), 45-67 x 4-6 mm.

Lamellae light brown (HSV30:10-15:90), adnexed, close.

Flesh pale olive (HSV45:10:70-80) in the pileus, light brown in the stipe, with a pronounced mushroom odour.

Basidiospores forming a deposit too thin to assign to colour, with prominent high nodules, usually with 5-6 nodules visible in dorsi-ventral view and 5 in profile, 8.4-12.2 x 4.8-8.2 µm, Q = 1.26-1.95 (average[52]: 9.9±0.82 x 6.5±0.63, Q = 1.52±0.16).

Basidia clavate, 4-spored, with a basal clamp connection

Cheilocystidia ventricose to lageniform, rarely with a capitulum, thin-walled, usually with apical crystals, often with elongated internal crystals, 40-80 x 13.0-26.8 µm.

Pleurocystidia ventricose to lageniform, thin-walled, usually with apical crystals, often with elongated internal crystals, 58-80 x 15.6-23.4 µm.

Photos:

1. Basidiomata in the natural habitat
2. Scan of basidiomata
3. Pleurocystidia in KOH + Congo Red
4. cheilocystidia in KOH + Congo Red
5. Basidiospores from lamella in KOH + Congo Red
6. Basidiospres from spore print in Melzer's Solution

D.Malloch 20-08-22/06. Solitary in soil and needle litter, associated with Pinus strobus in medium-age forest of Pinus strobus, Abies balsamea, Picea rubens and Betula papyrifera

In herbarium, New Brunswick Museum (NBM)

D.Malloch 21-08-22/07 Gregarious (2) in humus beside a path, associated with Picea rubens in semimature forest of Picea rubens, Abies balsamea, Pinus strobus and Betula papyrifera

In herbarium, New Brunswick Museum (NBM)

Pileus conical at first, not seen when fully expanded, glabrous, sticky, white, 40-62 mm in diameter

Stipe tapering up gradually, with a large subspherical bulb, dry, glabrous to finely diffracted-scaly, white, annulate, volvate, 35-50 x 6-9 mm.

Lamellae white, free, close

Flesh white, with an indistinct to slightly unpleasant mushroom odour.

Basidiospores white in spore print, broadly obovate to subspherical in profile, smooth, distinctly amyloid, 8.6-13.5(15.8) x 7.7-11.8 (14.1) µm, Q = 1.00-1.17 (average[41]: 10.5±1.28 x 9.6±1.10 µm, Q = 1.09±0.04).

Basidia clavate, both two- and four-spored but with four-spored more abundant

Pileipellis a thick ixocutis, with subpellis a compact cutis of narrow hyphae

Pileal trama irregularly and loosely interwoven

Lamellar trama bilateral, with a narrow parallel core and a broad and loose subhymenium

Photos:

1. Basidiomata in the natural habitat
2. Scan of basidiomata
3. Cross section of pileipellis in KOH + Congo Red
4. Cross section of lamella in KOH + Congo Red
5. Cross section of lamella in KOH + Congo Red showing details of subhymenium
6. Cross section of the volva in KOH + Congo Red
7. Basidia in KOH + Congo Red. Note both 2- and 4-spored basidia
8. Basidiospores from spore print in Melzer's Solution

D.Malloch 09-08-22/06 Solitary on a decaying conifer log, associated with Abies balsamea and Betula papyrifera

In herbarium, New Brunswick Museum (NBM)

Pileus broadly, depressed on the disc, moist, glabrous, dark red brown (HSV05:70:40), with sparse veil remnants at the margin, 28 mm in diameter

Stipe equal, dry, glabrous, pale cream but with reddish brown stains where handled, annulate, hollow, 50 x 8 mm.

Lamellae orange brown (HSV20:30-40:90), adnate to subdecurrent, subclose

Annulus pale cream, membranous, flaring up from the stipe.

Flesh concolorous with the surface tissues, with a pleasant odour.

Basidiospores bright rusty orange brown (HSV30:60:90), elliptical to ovate in profile, more strongly ovate and slightly broader in dorsi/ventral view, smooth, without germ pores, not dextrinoid, 5.9-8.0 x 4.6-5.7 µm, Q = 1.28-1.53 (average[48]: 7.1±0.37 x 5.0±0.22 µm, Q = 1.42±0.05) in profile view, 6.3-8.5 x 4.8-6.0 µm, Q = 1.20-1.49 (average[54]: 7.3±0.46 x 5.4±0.25 µm, Q = 1.35±0.07) in dorsi/ventral view.

Basidia clavate, 4-spored, with a basal clamp connection.

Cheilocystidia forming a continuous white sterile margin, nearly cylindrical to slightly clavate, with a basal clamp connection, 24-61 x 7.4-9.0 µm.

Pleurocystidia none.

Photos:

1. Basidioma in natural habitat
2. Scan of basidioma; dorsal view
3. Scan of basidioma; ventral view
4. Cheilocystidia in KOH + Congo Red
5. Basidiospores from spore print in Melzer's Solution

D.Malloch 09-08-22/03 Solitary in in leaf litter, associated with Acer spicatum, Picea rubens and Abies balsamea

In herbarium, New Brunswick Museum (NBM)

Pileus strongly depressed and subinfundibuliform, dry, glabrous, fundamentally a very pale cream colour but with pinkish areas (HSV10:02-05:100), 30 mm in diameter – with exsiccates not darkening significantly in 3% KOH

Stipe equal or slightly enlarged toward the base, dry, glabrous, white or nearly so, 38 x 6 mm.

Lamellae white, decurrent, not marginate.

Flesh white above the lamellae and in the surface tissues in the stipe, pale yellow (HSV45:10-15:100) below the surface of the pileus and in the centre of the stipe, with a pleasant mushroom odour.

Basidiospores white in spore print, broadly dacryoid to obovoid, smooth, neither amyloid nor dextrinoid, 4.9-7.6 x 4.4-5.9 µm, Q = 1.13-1.43 (average[47]: 6.2±0.5 x 4.8±0.3 µm, Q = 1.29±0.07)

Basidia clavate, 4-spored, with a basal clamp connection, 26-31 x 5.8-7.0 µm

Hymenial cystidia none

Pileipellis a thick but rather loose cutis of broad and radially encrusted hyphae, with surface hyphae often branched and not entirely parallel, with some of the surface hyphae having a golden oily content and resembling oleiferous hyphae

Clamp connections present throughout

Photos:

1. Scan of basidioma, ventral view
2. Scan of basidioma, dorsal view
3. Pileipellis in Windex
4. Basidia in KOH + Congo Red
5. Basidiospores from spore print in KOH + Congo Red

D.Malloch 18-08-22/02 Solitary in soil in mixed forest of Picea rubens, Abies balsamea, and Betula papyrifera

In herbarium, New Brunswick Museum (NBM)

Pileus conic-convex, moist, glabrous, bright orange (HSV30:80-90:100), 45 mm in diameter

Stipe equal, strongly flattened, moist, yellow orange (HSV40:60:100), 36 x 12 x 8 mm.

Lamellae bright orange (HSV40:80-90:100), distant, subdecurrent

Flesh concolorous with the surface tissues, lacking a distinctive odour

Basidiospores white in spore print, elliptical to slightly obovate in profile, less frequently ovate, smooth, unchanging in Melzer’s Solution, 7.2-9.3 x 4.9-5.8 µm, Q = 1.38-1.70 (average[56]: 7.9±0.41 x 5.3±0.23 µm, Q = 1.50±0.07)

Basidia narrowly clavate, 4-spored, without a basal clamp connection

Pileipellis not gelatinous, composed of a thin cutis of narrow hyphae, without a distinct subpellis

Stipitipellis not gelatinous, a cutis of narrow hyphae

Lamellar trama composed of a central core of parallel hyphae, with a thick and loosely interwoven subhymenial layer

Photos:

1. Basidioma in natural habitat
2. Basidioma, ventral view
3. Cross section of lamella
4. Basidia in KOH + Congo Red
5. Basidiospores from spore print in KOH + Congo Red

D.Malloch 17-08-22/05 Scattered to gregarious on a moss-covered log in mature forest of Acer saccharum, Betula alleghaniensis, Fagus grandifolia and Quercus rubra

In herbarium, New Brunswick Museum

Pileus conical, striate, dry, orange brown (HSV40:60:90), hygrophanous, 3-7 mm in diameter

Stipe equal, dry, finely pruinose, pale orange (HSV40:20:100), 13-22 x <1 mm.

Lamellae pale orange (HSV40:60:90), close, ascending-adnexed

Veil not seen

Flesh concolorous with the surface tissues, lacking a distinctive odour

Basidiospores orange brown (HSV30:50:90) in spore print, narrowly ovate to elliptical in profile, with a tapered apex, finely roughened but appearing nearly smooth even with the 100X objective, without a distinct plage in Melzers although there is some indication of one in KOH-Congo Red, only rarely with a slightly loosening perisporium, strongly dextrinoid in Melzer’s Solution, 7.4-10.0 x 4.3-5.1 µm, Q = 1.59-1.97 (average[54]: 8.4±0.44 x 4.7±0.01 µm, Q = 1.80±0.08)

Basidia broadly clavate, 4-spored, with a basal clamp connection

Cheilocystidia forming a sterile margin on the lamellae, ventricose-rostrate to sublecythiform, with apex swollen but never globose, 35-49 x 5.5-8.8 x 2.9-4.5 µm, 4.2-6.5 µm broad at the apex

Pleurocystidia lacking

Lamellar trama parallel to slightly interwoven, brown, strongly encrusted

Pileipellis a thin cutis of strongly encrusted hyphae

Photos:

1. Basidiomata in their natural habitat
2. Scan of basidiomata
3. Cross section of pileipellis in KOH + Congo Red
4. Cheilocystidia in KOH + Congo Red
5. Basidiospores from spore print in Melzer's Solution showing strong dextrinoid reaction

D.Malloch 15-08-22/05 Gregarious (2) among mosses on a rotten hardwood log, in a mature forest of Fagus grandifolia, Acer saccharum, Betula papyrifera and B. alleghaniensis

In herbarium, New Brunswick Museum (NBM)

Pileus laterally attached, pleurotoid, broadly spathulate to conchate, very finely striate at the margin, dry, glabrous, light brown (HSV25:20:90), hygrophanous, 16-43 mm in diameter

Stipe lacking

Lamellae light brown (HSV20:20:93), crowded, not marginate

Flesh concolorous with the surface tissues, with a nondescript mushroom odour

Basidiospores orange brown (HSV30:40:90) in spore print, nearly spherical, moderately roughened, 4.3-5.5 x 4.2-5.5 µm, Q = 0.96-1.13 (average[45]: 4.9±0.31 x 4.8±0.32 µm, Q = 1.02±0.03)

Photos:

1. Basidiomata in natural habitat
2. Scan of basidioma from above
3. Scan of basidioma from below
4. Cheilocystidia
5. Basidiospores from spore print in Melzer's Solution

Parasitic on lamellae of Cortinarius davemallochii (see iNaturalist 239224805)

In herbarium, New Brunswick Museum (NBM)

Photos:

1. Three ascophores, the one on the left with four ascospores
2. Cross section of a lamella of C. davemallochii showing a protruding ascophore of P. borealis

D.Malloch 15-08-22/04 Gregarious (9 or more) on rotten log of Fagus grandifolia, in a mature forest of Fagus grandifolia, Acer saccharum, Betula papyrifera and B. alleghaniensis

In herbarium, New Brunswick Museum (NBM)